Beliefs in Society

The role of Education: Marxism

Family and Household

Functionalist perspective: The Family

Functionalism: Domestic division of labour
     - Division of labour refers to the roles that men and women play in relation to housework, childcare and
 paidwork. Sociologist are interested in whether men and women share domestic task equally.

Parsons traditional view of the nuclear family consist of a male the breadwinner (intrumental role) and women the housewife (expressive role). He claims that the roles between the two spouses are segregated.

Instrumental role: Geared towards achieving success at work and provising the family financially. He is the breadwinner.
Expressive role: Geared towards meeting the family emotional needs through primary socialisation for the children. She is the the homemaker/housewife rather than the wage earner.

Parsons argue that the domestic division of labour is biological that women are naturally suited to the nurturing role and men the provider. This benefits men at women expenses. Young and wilmott argue that men benefits from womens sole responsibilities where as, feminists argue that the domestic division of labour is natural in society.

Criticisms:

• Some societies don't have traditional families
• Ingores 'dark side' e.g. domestic violence, sexual abuse
• Feminists argue men benefit more than women
• Feminists view this as patriarchal and sexist
• Ingores evidence of non-dominance of extended family in the pre-industrial era and decline of nuclear family and increasing family diversity

Feminists theory of the family:

• There are several different types of feminist theory, but all of them share certain characteristics in common:
• There is a fundamental division in society between men and women
• That women are to some extent exploited by men
• That society is patriarchal which is used by feminists to indicate that men have more power than women and the interests of men largely shape how societies run 

Feminists sociologist say:

Radical Feminist: Radical feminists believe that the family plays a major role in maintaining the oppressions of women in patriarchal, male-dominating society.

Marxist Feminist: Marxists Feminists believe that the family benefits from capitalist system and in doing so to exploit women.

Marxist Perspective:

- A conflict perspective which sees society to have a social divide:the capitalist class and the working class.
- Marxist argue that the nuclear familyis concerned with teaching its members to submit to the capitalist class.
- They believe that when children are being primary socialised they are being taught what the capitalist teach, and this discriminatesagainst the working class.

Criticims:
- Marxists ignore other benefits to individuals and society.
- Marxism assumes that the worker is male and that women are housewives.

 

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

 

Pupil subcultures from erlehtasfarca

Beliefs in society- Sociological theories of religion

Durkheim and functionalism:

Emile Durkheim, the founder of functionalism, spent much of his academic career studying religions, especially those of small societies. Durkheim found that people tend to separate religious symbols, objects, and rituals, which are sacred, from the daily symbols, objects, and routines of existence referred to as the profane.

Durkheim also argued that religion never concerns only belief, but also encompasses regular rituals and ceremonies on the part of a group of believers, who then develop and strengthen a sense of group solidarity. Rituals are necessary to bind together the members of a religious group, and they allow individuals to escape from the mundane aspects of daily life into higher realms of experience. Sacred rituals and ceremonies are especially important for marking occasions such as births, marriages, times of crisis, and deaths.

Weber and social change:

Durkheim claimed that his theory applied to religion in general, yet he based his conclusions on a limited set of examples. Max Weber, on the other hand, initiated a large‐scale study of religions around the globe.

The fundamental purpose of Weber's research was to discover religion's impact on social change. For example, in Protestantism, especially the “Protestant Work Ethic,” Weber saw the roots of capitalism. In the Eastern religions, Weber saw barriers to capitalism. For example, Hinduism stresses attaining higher levels of spirituality by escaping from the toils of the mundane physical world. Such a perspective does not easily lend itself to making and spending money.


The link to the above for more information: http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/sociology/religion/sociological-theories-of-religion

Crime and Deviance subtopics

1)Functionalist, strain and subcultural theories
2)Labelling theory
3)Marxist theories
4)Realist theories
5)Gendey, crime and justice
6)Ethnicity, crime and justice
7)Crime and media
8)Globalisation, green crime, human rights and state crimes
9)Control, punishment and victims
10)Suicide

Sociological Theories

-Durkheim's Functionalist theory

-Merton's strain theory

-Subcultural Strain theories

-Traditional/Neo traditional Marxist theory